Thyroid hormone (TH) plays a critical role in development, growth, and cellular metabolism.
TH production is controlled by a complex mechanism of positive and negative regulation …

The hypothalamus‐pituitary‐thyroid (HPT) axis determines the set point of thyroid hormone
(TH) production. Hypothalamic thyrotropin‐releasing hormone (TRH) stimulates the …

Thyroid hormone action is predominantly mediated by thyroid hormone receptors (THRs),
which are encoded by the thyroid hormone receptor α (THRA) and thyroid hormone receptor …

Background To detect recurrent disease in patients who have had differentiated thyroid
cancer, periodic withdrawal of thyroid hormone therapy may be required to raise serum …

Insulin resistance and elevated glucagon levels result in nonsuppressible hepatic glucose
production and hyperglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes. The CREB coactivator …

Pit-1 is a pituitary-specific transcription factor responsible for pituitary development and
hormone expression in mammals. Mutations in the gene encoding Pit-1 have been found in …

Metformin has been used for nearly a century and is now the most widely prescribed oral
anti-diabetic agent worldwide. Yet how metformin acts remains only partially understood and …

Impaired mitochondrial respiratory activity contributes to the development of insulin
resistance in type 2 diabetes. Metformin, a first-line antidiabetic drug, functions mainly by …

Pit-1, also termed growth hormone factor-1 (GHF-1), is a pituitary-specific transcription factor
responsible for pituitary development and hormone expression in mammals. It is a member …

Congenital hypothyroidism and the thyroid hormone (T3) resistance syndrome are
associated with severe central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction. Because thyroid …