Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications
Determination of acetylsalicylic acid and salicylic acid in skin and plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography
Introduction
The use of topically administered acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) in various solvents has been recently proposed as treatment for pain relief in skin infections 1, 2. To determine whether the analgesic effect is related to the concentrations of the drug in the skin or in plasma, i.e. if the analgesic effect was due to a local or systemic mechanism [3], a method to measure the concentrations of ASA in the skin had to be developed. To date there is only one study in which ASA has been measured in skin but, as is the case with other drugs, a radiolabeled compound was used [4].
A number of methods have been described for the extraction of antinflammatory drugs ASA and SA from plasma 5, 6involving the use of liquid–liquid extraction with organic solvents. The use of solid adsorbents as an alternative method of extraction is becoming increasingly popular 7, 8. These adsorbents offer the advantage of avoiding emulsion formation and reducing the volume of solvent required for an efficient extraction. Solid-phase extraction methods are also simple and far less time consuming than liquid–liquid extractions.
This study describes an HPLC method to determine the concentrations of ASA and SA in human stratum corneum using the stripping method and direct injection as well as in plasma using solid-phase extraction.
Section snippets
Chemicals and reagents
ASA, SA, Piroxicam (PIR, tape internal standard, I.S.) and Phenobarbital (PHE, plasma I.S.) were acquired from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). Acetonitrile and methanol were HPLC-grade and the other reagents and solvents were of analytical grade (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany).
Tape strippings were performed using 5 cm of 3M adhesive tape (Scotch Magic, 3M) in a ribbon of 2-cm width.
Isolute liquid–solid extraction columns, packed with 100 mg of C8-bonded 40 μm silica with average pore size of 60 Å and
Determination of ASA and SA in the tape samples
Whereas no interfering peaks near the retention times of ASA, SA and I.S. were present in the chromatograms of blank or basal (time 0) plasma samples, in the blank of tape samples there was a peak interfering with phenobarbital (the I.S. used for plasma) and therefore a different I.S. (piroxicam) had to be used. Representative chromatograms are shown in Fig. 1 (tape sample).
Conclusions
The use of topically administered drugs is becoming a widespread system to overcome toleration problems with certain drugs. Thus, noninvasive methods to measure the concentration of drugs at the site of administration are important, particularly with nonradioactive techniques.
This method using noninvasive tape-stripping sampling and HPLC chromatography appears to be very suitable for the accurate determination of aspirin and its main metabolite, salicylic acid, within the human stratum corneum.
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2012, Journal of Chromatography B: Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life SciencesNovel β-cyclodextrin modified CdTe quantum dots as fluorescence nanosensor for acetylsalicylic acid and metabolites
2012, Materials Science and Engineering CCitation Excerpt :According to the fluorescence signal recorded, the β-cyclodextrin hosts both metabolites in the same ratios as the complex with ASA is formed. The results obtained are in concordance and comparable with other analytical techniques, in terms of LOD [39–41]. CdTe quantum dots were successfully conjugated with the CdTe-11-[(ethoxycarbonyl)thio]undecanoyl-β-Cyclodextrin and, a water soluble-fluorescent nanomaterial was obtained.
Nanostructured conducting molecularly imprinted polymer for selective extraction of salicylate from urine and serum samples by electrochemically controlled solid-phase micro-extraction
2011, Analytica Chimica ActaCitation Excerpt :The most frequently used method of clinical analysis is the spectrophotometric “Trinder test” [2] based on the formation of a purple–violet complex between SA and Fe(III) ions which could be monitored spectrophotometrically, but it is strongly affected by interference from substances which bear enol and phenol groups [3,4]. To solve the problem, several instrumental methods have been developed in the past years based on gas chromatography (GC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) [4–8], spectrofluorimetry [9–13], potentiometry with ion selective electrodes [14–16], voltammetry [17,18], optical sensors [19,20], and Raman spectroscopy [21]. Combining solid phase microextraction (SPME) with electrochemistry derives a new sample preparation method, which is called electrochemically controlled solid phase microextraction (EC-SPME).