Characteristics of social innovation case studies included in this analysis (n=40)
| Variable | n |
| Continent | |
| Africa | 21 |
| Asia | 11 |
| Latin America and the Caribbean | 8 |
| Health focus | |
| Primary healthcare | 19 |
| Maternal and child health | 7 |
| Malaria | 6 |
| HIV | 3 |
| Neglected tropical diseases | 4 |
| General | 3 |
| Others* | 7 |
| Areas of interest | |
| Private providers | 6 |
| Community mobilisation | 14 |
| Alternate care providers | 3 |
| Community health workers | 5 |
| Digital technology | 7 |
| Last mile distribution | 3 |
| Franchising | 3 |
| Health research | 5 |
| Health education | 5 |
| Service delivery | 6 |
| Others† | 34 |
| Health system focus | |
| Service delivery | 14 |
| Healthcare financing | 4 |
| Community service delivery | 7 |
| Health workforce | 7 |
| Information systems | 4 |
| Medical products and technologies | 3 |
| Others‡ | 9 |
| Beneficiaries | |
| Women | 35 |
| Men | 28 |
| Children | 31 |
| Families | 5 |
| Others§ | 14 |
| Financing | |
| Research grants | 23 |
| National or provincial government support | 15 |
| Local government support | 10 |
| Revenues or sales | 13 |
| Private sector | 5 |
| Donations | 13 |
*Community health, Sexually transmitted diseases, Tuberculosis, Infectious disease.
†Indigenous people, Health promotion, Disease prevention, Cross-sector collaboration, Intercultural health, Education sector involvement, Transport and logistics, Disease control and elimination, Community Health, Community engagement, Renewable energy, Crowdsourcing, Medical technology, Public–private partnerships, Women’s health, Community empowerment, Financial risk protection, Maternal and child health, Maternal health, Technology, Community health insurance, Child care.
‡Community empowerment, Health insurance, Medical resources, Leadership/governance, Logistics, Information.
§Health offices, Health facilities, Healthcare workers, Non-government organisations, Community-based organisations, Faith-based organisations, Teaching institutions, Community leaders, Decision-makers, Policymakers and Businesses.