Quality levels of the programme theories
| Programme theory | Level of quality |
| PT 1: Family-centred care (FCC) and PT 4: Bliss Charity | Moderate to high level of quality (four studies have high quality and three have moderate). |
| PT 2: Baby Friendly Initiative (BFI) | Moderate to high level of quality (two studies have moderate quality and one have high quality). |
| PT 3: Best Beginnings—Small Wonders Change Program (SWCP) | Moderate level of quality (one study has low quality, one study has moderate, and one has high quality). |
| PT 5: NHS/NICE guidelines | N/A |
| PT 6: Knowledge and confidence | Moderate to high level of quality (five studies have high level of quality and three moderate). |
| RPT 1: HCWs: lack of training, knowledge, and confidence | High level of quality (six studies have high level while one has moderate). |
| RPT 2: HCWs: lack of guidance/guidelines | Moderate to high level of quality (four studies have high quality and two have moderate). |
| RPT 3: HCWs: lack of resources | Moderate to high level of quality (four studies have high level and two have moderate). |
| RPT 4: HCWs: cultural/social norms | Moderate level quality (two studies have high quality, two studies have moderate, and one has low level). |
| RPT 5: Caregivers: lack of knowledge/support | Moderate to high level of quality (three studies have high level and one has moderate). |
| RPT 6: Caregivers: cultural norms | Moderate to high level of quality (three studies have high level, one has moderate, and one has low level). |
| RPT 7: Caregivers: poor infrastructure | Moderate to high level of quality (three studies have high level and one has moderate). |
| RPT 8: Healthcare facilities | High level of quality (six studies have high level and one has moderate). |
| RPT 9: Elasticity in the delivery | N/A |
Green, high level of quality; yellow, moderate to high level of quality, and red, moderate level of quality.
HCWs, healthcare workers; KC, Kangaroo Care; NHS, National Health Service; NICE, National Institute for Clinical Excellence; PT, programme theory; RPT, rival programme theory; SSC, skin-to-skin contact.