Table 1

Sociodemographic characteristics of the study sample by group

CharacteristicsTotal (n=851)Control (n=281)SMS (n=272)eVoucher (n=298)
% (n)% (n)% (n)% (n)
Age
 Mean (±SD)34.4 (7.2)34.4 (7.4)34.5 (7.1)34.4 (7.2)
Marital status
 Single11.5 (98)6.4 (18)9.9 (27)17.8 (53)
 Partner/Married80.6 (686)84.7 (238)84.2 (229)73.5 (219)
 Separated/Divorced/Widow7.8 (66)8.9 (25)5.9 (16)8.4 (25)
 Declines to answer0.1 (1)0.3 (1)
Partnership type (of those partnered or married)
 Monogamy94.2 (646)96.2 (229)93.5 (214)92.7 (203)
 Polygamy4.5 (31)2.1 (6)5.2 (12)5.9 (13)
 Declines to answer1.3 (9)1.1 (3)1.3 (3)1.4 (3)
Religion
 Christian68.7 (585)71.2 (200)67.6 (184)67.4 (201)
 Muslim31.3 (266)28.8 (81)32.4 (88)32.6 (97)
Tribe
 Chaga22.3 (190)22.8 (64)24.6 (67)19.8 (59)
 Pare11.8 (101)13.9 (39)8.8 (24)12.8 (38)
 Maasai4.6 (39)3.9 (11)4.0 (11)5.7 (17)
 Meru25.6 (218)25.3 (71)25.0 (68)26.5 (79)
 Other35.1 (299)33.8 (95)37.5 (102)34.2 (102)
 Declines to answer0.5 (4)0.4 (1)1.0 (3)
Monthly household income (Tanzanian shillings)
 0–39 99913.7 (117)12.8 (36)13.9 (38)14.4 (43)
 40 000–59 99924.2 (206)22.1 (62)23.9 (65)26.5 (79)
 60 000–99 99925.6 (218)27.0 (76)25.4 (69)24.5 (73)
 ≥100 00031.7 (269)35.2 (99)30.1 (82)29.5 (88)
 Declines to answer4.8 (41)2.8 (8)6.6 (18)5.0 (15)
Occupation
 Housewife/Farmer37.1 (316)35.6 (100)41.5 (113)34.6 (103)
 Small business50.6 (431)51.6 (145)47.1 (128)53.0 (158)
 Professional3.8 (32)3.6 (10)3.7 (10)4.0 (12)
 Other8.1 (69)9.3 (26)7.7 (21)7.4 (22)
 Declines to answer0.4 (3)1.0 (3)
Highest level of education
 Primary or lower73.3 (624)71.5 (201)72.4 (197)75.8 (226)
 Secondary20.3 (173)20.3 (57)22.1 (60)18.8 (56)
 College/University6.0 (51)8.2 (23)4.4 (12)5.4 (16)
 Declines to answer0.4 (3)1.1 (3)
Mobile phone ownership
 Own74.4 (633)73.7 (207)75.7 (206)73.8 (220)
 Other’s14.8 (126)14.6 (41)15.4 (42)14.4 (43)
 Unknown10.8 (92)11.7 (33)8.8 (24)11.7 (35)
  • SMS, short message service; eVoucher, electronic voucher.