Sociodemographic characteristics of the study sample by group
| Characteristics | Total (n=851) | Control (n=281) | SMS (n=272) | eVoucher (n=298) |
| % (n) | % (n) | % (n) | % (n) | |
| Age | ||||
| Mean (±SD) | 34.4 (7.2) | 34.4 (7.4) | 34.5 (7.1) | 34.4 (7.2) |
| Marital status | ||||
| Single | 11.5 (98) | 6.4 (18) | 9.9 (27) | 17.8 (53) |
| Partner/Married | 80.6 (686) | 84.7 (238) | 84.2 (229) | 73.5 (219) |
| Separated/Divorced/Widow | 7.8 (66) | 8.9 (25) | 5.9 (16) | 8.4 (25) |
| Declines to answer | 0.1 (1) | 0.3 (1) | ||
| Partnership type (of those partnered or married) | ||||
| Monogamy | 94.2 (646) | 96.2 (229) | 93.5 (214) | 92.7 (203) |
| Polygamy | 4.5 (31) | 2.1 (6) | 5.2 (12) | 5.9 (13) |
| Declines to answer | 1.3 (9) | 1.1 (3) | 1.3 (3) | 1.4 (3) |
| Religion | ||||
| Christian | 68.7 (585) | 71.2 (200) | 67.6 (184) | 67.4 (201) |
| Muslim | 31.3 (266) | 28.8 (81) | 32.4 (88) | 32.6 (97) |
| Tribe | ||||
| Chaga | 22.3 (190) | 22.8 (64) | 24.6 (67) | 19.8 (59) |
| Pare | 11.8 (101) | 13.9 (39) | 8.8 (24) | 12.8 (38) |
| Maasai | 4.6 (39) | 3.9 (11) | 4.0 (11) | 5.7 (17) |
| Meru | 25.6 (218) | 25.3 (71) | 25.0 (68) | 26.5 (79) |
| Other | 35.1 (299) | 33.8 (95) | 37.5 (102) | 34.2 (102) |
| Declines to answer | 0.5 (4) | 0.4 (1) | 1.0 (3) | |
| Monthly household income (Tanzanian shillings) | ||||
| 0–39 999 | 13.7 (117) | 12.8 (36) | 13.9 (38) | 14.4 (43) |
| 40 000–59 999 | 24.2 (206) | 22.1 (62) | 23.9 (65) | 26.5 (79) |
| 60 000–99 999 | 25.6 (218) | 27.0 (76) | 25.4 (69) | 24.5 (73) |
| ≥100 000 | 31.7 (269) | 35.2 (99) | 30.1 (82) | 29.5 (88) |
| Declines to answer | 4.8 (41) | 2.8 (8) | 6.6 (18) | 5.0 (15) |
| Occupation | ||||
| Housewife/Farmer | 37.1 (316) | 35.6 (100) | 41.5 (113) | 34.6 (103) |
| Small business | 50.6 (431) | 51.6 (145) | 47.1 (128) | 53.0 (158) |
| Professional | 3.8 (32) | 3.6 (10) | 3.7 (10) | 4.0 (12) |
| Other | 8.1 (69) | 9.3 (26) | 7.7 (21) | 7.4 (22) |
| Declines to answer | 0.4 (3) | 1.0 (3) | ||
| Highest level of education | ||||
| Primary or lower | 73.3 (624) | 71.5 (201) | 72.4 (197) | 75.8 (226) |
| Secondary | 20.3 (173) | 20.3 (57) | 22.1 (60) | 18.8 (56) |
| College/University | 6.0 (51) | 8.2 (23) | 4.4 (12) | 5.4 (16) |
| Declines to answer | 0.4 (3) | 1.1 (3) | ||
| Mobile phone ownership | ||||
| Own | 74.4 (633) | 73.7 (207) | 75.7 (206) | 73.8 (220) |
| Other’s | 14.8 (126) | 14.6 (41) | 15.4 (42) | 14.4 (43) |
| Unknown | 10.8 (92) | 11.7 (33) | 8.8 (24) | 11.7 (35) |
SMS, short message service; eVoucher, electronic voucher.