Distribution of the included papers across clinical specialties
| Clinical domain | Number of studies |
|---|---|
| General surgery | 22 |
| Surgical specialties | |
| Urology | 12 |
| Orthopaedic | 6 |
| Dermatology | 5 |
| Interventional radiology | 5 |
| Neurosurgery | 5 |
| Plastic | 5 |
| Cardiology | 3 |
| Ophthalmology | 3 |
| Maxillofacial | 2 |
| Oncology | 2 |
| Fetal | 1 |
| Hand | 1 |
| Limb preservation | 1 |
| Otolaryngology | 1 |
| Paediatric | 1 |
| Periodontic | 1 |
| Spine | 1 |
| Anaesthesia | 10 |
| Total | 87 |